Aminet 6/Aminet 6 - June 1995.iso/Aminet/docs/misc/wfbook93_texi.lha/texi/192.data

Text File | 1995-03-27 | 12.6 KB | 402 lines

@node Geography (Philippines)
@section Geography (Philippines)

@display

Location:
  Southeast Asia, between Indonesia and China
Map references:
  Asia, Oceania, Southeast Asia, Standard Time Zones of the World
Area:
 total area:   300,000 km2
 land area:
  298,170 km2
 comparative area:
  slightly larger than Arizona
Land boundaries:
  0 km
Coastline:
  36,289 km
Maritime claims:
  measured from claimed archipelagic baselines
 continental shelf:
  to depth of exploitation
 exclusive economic zone:
  200 nm
 territorial sea:
  irregular polygon extending up to 100 nm from coastline as defined by 1898
  treaty; since late 1970s has also claimed polygonal-shaped area in South
  China Sea up to 285 nm in breadth
International disputes:
  involved in a complex dispute over the Spratly Islands with China, Malaysia,
  Taiwan, Vietnam, and possibly Brunei; claims Malaysian state of Sabah
Climate:
  tropical marine; northeast monsoon (November to April); southwest monsoon
  (May to October)
Terrain:
  mostly mountains with narrow to extensive coastal lowlands
Natural resources:
  timber, petroleum, nickel, cobalt, silver, gold, salt, copper
Land use:
 arable land:
  26%
 permanent crops:
  11%
 meadows and pastures:
  4%
 forest and woodland:
  40%
 other:
  19%
Irrigated land:
  16,200 km2 (1989 est.)
Environment:
  astride typhoon belt, usually affected by 15 and struck by five to six
  cyclonic storms per year; subject to landslides, active volcanoes,
  destructive earthquakes, tsunami; deforestation; soil erosion; water
  pollution



@end display

@node People (Philippines)
@section People (Philippines)

@display

Population:
  68,464,368 (July 1993 est.)
Population growth rate:
  1.97% (1993 est.)
Birth rate:
  27.9 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Death rate:
  7.03 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Net migration rate:
  -1.19 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
  51.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
 total population:
  65.13 years
 male:
  62.59 years
 female:
  67.79 years (1993 est.)
Total fertility rate:
  3.45 children born/woman (1993 est.)
Nationality:
 noun:
  Filipino(s)
 adjective:
  Philippine
Ethnic divisions:
  Christian Malay 91.5%, Muslim Malay 4%, Chinese 1.5%, other 3%
Religions:
  Roman Catholic 83%, Protestant 9%, Muslim 5%, Buddhist and other 3%
Languages:
  Pilipino (official; based on Tagalog), English (official)
Literacy:
  age 15 and over can read and write (1990)
 total population:
  90%
 male:
  90%
 female:
  90%
Labor force:
  24.12 million
 by occupation:
  agriculture 46%, industry and commerce 16%, services 18.5%, government 10%,
  other 9.5% (1989)



@end display

@node Government (Philippines)
@section Government (Philippines)

@display

Names:
 conventional long form:
  Republic of the Philippines
 conventional short form:
  Philippines
 local long form:
  Republika ng Pilipinas
 local short form:
  Pilipinas
Digraph:   RP
Type:
  republic
Capital:
  Manila
Administrative divisions:
  73 provinces and 61 chartered cities*; Abra, Agusan del Norte, Agusan del,   Sur, Aklan, Albay,
Angeles*, Antique, Aurora, Bacolod*, Bago*, Baguio*,,   Bais*, Basilan, Basilan City*, Bataan,,
Batanes, Batangas, Batangas City*,,   Benguet, Bohol, Bukidnon, Bulacan, Butuan*, Cabanatuan*,,
Cadiz*, Cagayan,,   Cagayan de Oro*, Calbayog*, Caloocan*, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur,,
Camiguin, Canlaon*, Capiz, Catanduanes, Cavite, Cavite City*, Cebu, Cebu,   City*, Cotabato*,,
Dagupan*, Danao*, Dapitan*, Davao City* Davao, Davao del,   Sur, Davao Oriental, Dipolog*,,
Dumaguete*, Eastern Samar, General Santos*,,   Gingoog*, Ifugao, Iligan*, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur,,
Iloilo, Iloilo City*,,   Iriga*, Isabela, Kalinga-Apayao, La Carlota*, Laguna, Lanao del Norte,,
Lanao
  del Sur, Laoag*, Lapu-Lapu*, La Union, Legaspi*, Leyte, Lipa*, Lucena*,,   Maguindanao, Mandaue*,,
Manila*, Marawi*, Marinduque, Masbate, Mindoro,   Occidental, Mindoro Oriental, Misamis Occidental,
Misamis Oriental,
  Mountain, Naga*, Negros Occidental, Negros Oriental, North Cotabato,,   Northern Samar, Nueva
Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Olongapo*, Ormoc*, Oroquieta*,,   Ozamis*, Pagadian*, Palawan, Palayan*,,
Pampanga, Pangasinan, Pasay*, Puerto,   Princesa*, Quezon, Quezon City*, Quirino, Rizal, Romblon,,
Roxas*, Samar, San,   Carlos* (in Negros Occidental), San Carlos* (in Pangasinan), San Jose*, San,
Pablo*, Silay*, Siquijor, Sorsogon, South Cotabato, Southern Leyte, Sultan,   Kudarat, Sulu,
Surigao*, Surigao del Norte, Surigao del Sur, Tacloban*,,   Tagaytay*, Tagbilaran*, Tangub*,
Tarlac,, Tawitawi, Toledo*, Trece Martires*,,   Zambales, Zamboanga*, Zamboanga del Norte,
Zamboanga, del Sur
Independence:
  4 July 1946 (from US)
Constitution:
  2 February 1987, effective 11 February 1987
Legal system:
  based on Spanish and Anglo-American law; accepts compulsory ICJ
  jurisdiction, with reservations
National holiday:
  Independence Day, 12 June (1898) (from Spain)
Political parties and leaders:
  Democratic Filipino Struggle (Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipinas, Laban),
  Edgardo ESPIRITU; People Power-National Union of Christian Democrats (Lakas
  ng Edsa, NUCD and Partido Lakas Tao, Lakas/NUCD); Fidel V. RAMOS, President
  of the Republic, Raul MANGLAPUS, Jose de VENECIA, secretary general;
  Nationalist People's Coalition (NPC), Eduardo COJUANGCO; Liberal Party,
  Jovito SALONGA; People's Reform Party (PRP), Miriam DEFENSOR-SANTIAGO; New
  Society Movement (Kilusan Bagong Lipunan; KBL), Imelda MARCOS; Nacionalista
  Party (NP), Salvador H. LAUREL, president
Suffrage:
  15 years of age; universal



@end display

@node Government (Philippines 2. usage)
@section Government (Philippines 2. usage)

@display

Elections:
 President:
  last held 11 May 1992 (next election to be held NA May 1998); results -
  Fidel Valdes RAMOS won 23.6% of votes, a narrow plurality
 Senate:
  last held 11 May 1992 (next election to be held NA May 1995); results - LDP
  66%, NPC 20%, Lakas-NUCD 8%, Liberal 6%; seats - (24 total) LDP 15, NPC 5,
  Lakas-NUCD 2, Liberal 1, Independent 1
 House of Representatives:
  last held 11 May 1992 (next election to be held NA May 1995); results - LDP
  43.5%; Lakas-NUCD 25%, NPC 23.5%, Liberal 5%, KBL 3%; seats - (200 total)
  LDP 87, NPC 45, Lakas-NUCD 41, Liberal 15, NP 6, KBL 3, Independent 3
Executive branch:
  president, vice president, Cabinet
Legislative branch:
  bicameral Congress (Kongreso) consists of an upper house or Senate (Senado)
  and a lower house or House of Representatives (Kapulungan Ng Mga Kinatawan)
Judicial branch:
  Supreme Court
Leaders:
 Chief of State and Head of Government:
  President Fidel Valdes RAMOS (since 30 June 1992); Vice President Joseph
  Ejercito ESTRADA (since 30 June 1992)
Member of:
  APEC, AsDB, ASEAN, CCC, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-24, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO,
  ICFTU, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC,
  IOM, ISO, ITU, LORCS, NAM (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO,
  UNTAC, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in US:
 chief of mission:
  Ambassador Raul RABE
 chancery:
  1617 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036
 telephone:
  [phone]
 consulates general:
  Agana (Guam), Chicago, Honolulu, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, San
  Francisco, and Seattle
US diplomatic representation:
 chief of mission:
  (vacant); Charge d'affaires Donald WESTMORE
 embassy:
  1201 Roxas Boulevard, Manila
 mailing address:
  APO AP 96440
 telephone:
  [63] (2) 521-7116
 FAX:
  [63] (2) 522-4361
 consulate general:
  Cebu
Flag:
  two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a white equilateral
  triangle based on the hoist side; in the center of the triangle is a yellow
  sun with eight primary rays (each containing three individual rays) and in
  each corner of the triangle is a small yellow five-pointed star



@end display

@node Economy (Philippines)
@section Economy (Philippines)

@display

Overview:
  Domestic output in this primarily agricultural economy remained the same in
  1992 as in 1991. Drought and power supply problems hampered production,
  while inadequate revenues prevented government pump priming. Despite a flat
  GDP performance, GNP mustered a small 0.6% expansion, attributable to
  inflows of workers' remittances combined with smaller foreign interest
  payments. A marked increase in capital goods imports, particularly power
  generations equipment, telecommunications equipment, and electronic data
  processors, contributed to a 20.5% import growth in 1992. Exports rose 11%,
  led by earnings from the Philippines' two leading manufactures - electronics
  and garments.
National product:
  GDP - exchange rate conversion - $54.1 billion (1992 est.)
National product real growth rate:
  0.6% (1992 est.)
National product per capita:
  $860 (1992 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
  8.9% (1992 est.)
Unemployment rate:
  9.8% (1992 est.)
Budget:
  $11.0 billion; expenditures $12.0 billion, including capital expenditures of
  $NA (1992 est.)
Exports:
  $9.8 billion (f.o.b., 1992)
 commodities:
  electronics, textiles, coconut oil, copper
 partners:
  US 39%, EC, Japan, ASEAN
Imports:
  $14.5 billion (f.o.b., 1992)
 commodities:
  raw materials 45%, capital goods 26%, petroleum products 18%
 partners:
  US, Japan, Taiwan, Saudi Arabia
External debt:
  $29.8 billion (1992)
Industrial production:
  growth rate -1% (1992 est.); accounts for 34% of GDP
Electricity:
  7,850,000 kW capacity; 28,000 million kWh produced, 420 kWh per capita
  (1992)
Industries:
  textiles, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, wood products, food processing,
  electronics assembly, petroleum refining, fishing
Agriculture:
  accounts for about one-third of GNP and about 45% of labor force; major
  crops - rice, coconuts, corn, sugarcane, bananas, pineapples, mangos; animal
  products - pork, eggs, beef; net exporter of farm products; fish catch of 2
  million metric tons annually
Illicit drugs:
  illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; growers are
  producing more and better quality cannabis despite government eradication
  efforts



@end display

@node Economy (Philippines 2. usage)
@section Economy (Philippines 2. usage)

@display

Economic aid:
  US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $3.6 billion; Western (non-US)
  countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-88), $7.9 billion; OPEC
  bilateral aid (1979-89), $5 million; Communist countries (1975-89), $123
  million
Currency:
  1 Philippine peso (P) = 100 centavos
Exchange rates:
  Philippine pesos (P) per US$1 - 25.817 (April 1993), 25.512 (1992), 27.479
  (1991), 24.311 (1990), 21.737 (1989), 21.095 (1988)
Fiscal year:
  calendar year



@end display

@node Communications (Philippines)
@section Communications (Philippines)

@display

Railroads:
  378 km operable on Luzon, 34% government owned (1982)
Highways:
  157,450 km total (1988); 22,400 km paved; 85,050 km gravel, crushed-stone,
  or stabilized-soil surface; 50,000 km unimproved earth
Inland waterways:
  3,219 km; limited to shallow-draft (less than 1.5 m) vessels
Pipelines:
  petroleum products 357 km
Ports:
  Cagayan de Oro, Cebu, Davao, Guimaras, Iloilo, Legaspi, Manila, Subic Bay
Merchant marine:
  562 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 8,282,936 GRT/13,772,023 DWT;
  includes 1 passenger, 11 short-sea passenger, 13 passenger-cargo, 155 cargo,
  27 refrigerated cargo, 25 vehicle carrier, 9 livestock carrier, 13
  roll-on/roll-off cargo, 8 container, 38 oil tanker, 1 chemical tanker, 3
  liquefied gas, 1 combination ore/oil, 249 bulk, 8 combination bulk; note -
  many Philippine flag ships are foreign owned and are on the register for the
  purpose of long-term bare-boat charter back to their original owners who are
  principally in Japan and Germany
Airports:
 total:
  270
 usable:
  238
 with permanent-surface runways:
  73
 with runways over 3,659 m:
  0
 with runways 2,440-3,659 m:
  9
 with runways 1,220-2,439 m:
  57
Telecommunications:
  good international radio and submarine cable services; domestic and
  interisland service adequate; 872,900 telephones; broadcast stations - 267
  AM (including 6 US), 55 FM, 33 TV (including 4 US); submarine cables
  extended to Hong Kong, Guam, Singapore, Taiwan, and Japan; satellite earth
  stations - 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT, 2 Pacific Ocean INTELSAT, and 11
  domestic



@end display

@node Defense Forces (Philippines)
@section Defense Forces (Philippines)

@display

Branches:
  Army, Navy (including Coast Guard and Marine Corps), Air Force
Manpower availability:
  males age 15-49 17,188,695; fit for military service 12,144,278; reach
  military age (20) annually 716,881 (1993 est.)
Defense expenditures:
  exchange rate conversion - $915 million, 1.9% of GNP (1991)



@end display